Microbe

Michele Swanson, Gemma Reguera, Moselio Schaechter, ... [et. al.]

2nd ed.

Washington, DC : ASM Press, cop. 2016

p. 718

As we learned from the recent Haiti epidemic, V. Cholerae has the power to sweep across countries and continents. Indeed, the past 200 years have been marked by seven pandemics -disease outbreaks that cross national boundaries.

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p. 659

An even more aggressive virulence strategy is to kill neutrophils outright, and the staphylococcal Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) does just that.

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p. 632

For example, the cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) NOD2 responds to peptidoglycan fragments generated by bacterial lysis but not to peptidoglycan segments shed by growing bacteria.

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p. 525

The first SAR11 representative, Pelagibacter ubique, was enriched in a growth medium made from sterilized seawater with very low nutrient concentrations that best mimic the natural marine habitat.

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p. 231

Peptide chain elongation. Once the initiation complex has formed, an amino acid is added to a nascent peptide, which grows by an elongation cycle in which the mRNA moves one codon at a time through the 70S ribosome (Fig. 8.19).

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p. 38

As we learned above, Gram-positive bacteria have evolved a thick peptidoglycan (or murein) cell wall and no outer membrane (Fig. 2.2).

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p. 75

Nile blue A specifically stains inclusion bodies of PHB, a type of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA). PHAs are a group of carbon polymers that many bacteria make and accumulate in inclusion bodies when carbon is abundant and then use as carbon and energy source when external sources of carbon are low and growth-limiting (Fig. 3.12).

El sinònim no és neològic.

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p. 720

FIGURE 26.8 Model for how DNA transformation and phage predation could promote emergence of a new dominant serotype of V. cholerae.

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p. 61

Eager to learn what was stained in the cells, she researched Nile blue A and found that it binds poly-xbetax-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a carbon-containing polymer. [...] • Form a hypothesis about the biological function of intracellular PHB granules.

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p. 677

One exciting discovery is that L. monocytogenes not only secretes but also imports a small lipoprotein (pPplA, for pheromone-encoding lipoprotein A).

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p. 339-340

As in many other signal transduction systems, the phosphate response is mediated by a sensor and a response regulator.

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p. 339

The phosphate response regulon represents the large class of bacterial stress responses mediated by two-component systems.

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p. 735

Function: Phosphodiesterase 2; Gene: pde2; Contribution: Degrades cyclic di-GMP, an inducer of biofilm formation

El context és en una taula.

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p. 735

Function: Phosphodiesterase 3; Gene: pde3; Contribution: Degrades cyclic di-GMP, an inducer of biofilm formation

El context és en una taula.

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p. 737

Big trouble began when Y. pseudotuberculosis acquired a new plasmid, one encoding an enzyme —phospholipase D— that increases survival of the bacteria in the flea's midgut.

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p. 33

Archaeal membranes are either phospholipid bilayers (B) or monolayers (C) of isoprenoids linked to glycerol by ether bonds.

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p. 99

Some prokaryotes, called piezophiles (or barophiles), grow faster at increased pressure than they do at 1 atmosphere.

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p. 559

How would you go about trying to culture microbes from the guts of the plastic-eating worms?

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p. 558

In 2015, a group of scientists reported the waxworms (also known as Indian mealmoths, the larvae of Plodia interpunctella) could feed on a diet of polyethylene, the plastic that makes the Styrofoam^TM material of hot beverage cups and insulation materials.

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p. 61

Eager to learn what was stained in the cells, she researched Nile blue A and found that it binds poly-xbetax-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a carbon-containing polymer.

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p. 722

Pore-forming toxins puncture host cell membranes, which at high doses kills the cell.

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p. 604

This peaceful interaction can turn antagonistic to the host as the pathogens are allowed to grow and increase in numbers. The troublemakers are usually Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis.

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p. 475

Some use the RNA genomes as templates to make dsDNA replicas whereas others bypass this step all together and make coding RNAs (positive sense) that the host ribosomes can translate into proteins.

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p. 320

Posttranscriptional control. Prokaryotic cells also use posttranscriptional mechanisms to control gene expression (steps 8 to 10 in Fig. 11.7), which we highlight next.

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p. 135

If the second bond is cleaved, AMP (adenosine monophosphate) and pyrophosphate (Ppi) are generated and xvirgulax46 kJ of energy are released (the equivalent of two large strawberries).

El sinònim no és neològic.

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p. 677

One exciting discovery is that L. monocytogenes not only secretes but also imports a small lipoprotein (pPplA, for pheromone-encoding lipoprotein A).

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p. 154

Today, there are two major groups of anoxygenic phototrophs, purple and green bacteria, named for the distinctive color of their light-sensitive pigments (carotenoids and chlorophylls, respectively).

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p. 13

Everyone in the business also agrees that before LUCA was formed there was a prebiotic phase in the hot, early Earth when life's essential building blocks and molecules were generated in spontaneous chemical reactions.

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p. 32

As we learned in chapter 1, life on Earth was preceded by a prebiotic phase during which primitive cellular entities, or protocells, were formed.

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p. 718

In addition to a sharp rise in cases of severe watery diarrhea, health care workers recognized that even adults who had previously been sickened by cholera and had recovered were vulnerable: That is, they lacked protective immunity, which is conferred by antibodies specific to surface structures, specially LPS.

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p. 540

The combination of culture-based studies and indirect methods can also help assess the distribution of traits, rather than the microbes themselves. A concrete example of this concept is the discovery of proteorhodopsin.

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p. 632

For example, the cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) NOD2 responds to peptidoglycan fragments generated by bacterial lysis but not to peptidoglycan segments shed by growing bacteria.

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p. 95

The champion psychrophile Psychromona ingrahamii grows at -12xgrauxC, whereas the hyperthermophilic archaeon strain 121 grows at 121xgrauxC!

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p. 659

An even more aggressive virulence strategy is to kill neutrophils outright, and the staphylococcal Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) does just that.

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p. 629

Tissue trauma may result from cell death, either when a microbe lyses the host cells or when the host cell itself induces programmed cell death (apoptosis or pyroptosis).

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