Biochemistry

Berg, Jeremy M.; Tymoczko, John L.; Gatto, Jr., Gregory J.; Stryer, Lubert

8 ed.

New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2015

p. 544

The exterior column consists of one a subunit, two b subunits, and the xdeltax subunit.

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p. 259

Subtilisin, a protease in bacteria such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, is a particularly well characterized example.

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p. 867

Consider a riboswitch that controls the synthesis of genes that participate in the biosynthesis of riboflavin in Bacillus subtilis (Figure 29.15).

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p. 910

An important feature of bacterial gene expression is that translation and transcription are closely coupled in space and time.

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p. 570

The bacterial reaction center consists of four polypeptides: L (31 kDa, red), M (36 kDa, blue), and H (28 kDa, white) subunits and C, a c-type cytochrome with four c-type hemes (yellow) (Figure 19.9).

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p. 787

Until recently, high levels of HDL-bound cholesterol ("good cholesterol") relative to LDL-bound cholesterol ("bad cholesterol") were believed to protect against cardiovascular disease.

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p. 1017

One end is called the barbed (plus) end, and the other is called the pointed (minus) end. The names "barbed" and "pointed" refer to the appearance of an actin filament when myosin S1 fragments are bound to it.

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p. 875

TFIIA is recruited, followed by TFIIB; then TFIIF, RNA polymerase II, TFIIE, and TFIIH join the other factors to form a complex called the basal transcription apparatus.

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p. 121

The earliest evidence was the finding that the base composition of newly synthesized RNA is the complement of that of the DNA template strand, as exemplified by the RNA synthesized from a template of single-stranded DNA from the xfi2xX174 virus (Table 4.4).

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p. 771

This phospholipid is synthesized in a base-exchange reaction of serine with phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine.

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p. 848

The excision of modified bases such as 3-methyladenine by the E. Coli enzyme AlkA is an example of base-excision repair.

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p. 852

Some of the tester strains are responsive to base-pair substitutions, whereas others detect deletions or additions of base pairs (frameshifts).

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p. 479

The biotin carboxylase domain (BC) catalyzes the formation of carboxyphosphate and the subsequent attachment of CO2 to the second domain, the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), the site of the covalenty attached biotin.

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p. 993

FIGURE 34.22 B-cell activation. The binding of a multivalent antigen such as a bacterial or viral surface links membrane-bound IgM molecules. This oligomerization triggers the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the ITAM sequences by protein tyrosine kinases such as Lyn. After phosphorylation, the ITAMs serve as docking sites for Syk, a protein kinase that phosphorylates a number of targets, including transcription factors.

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p. 1048

For example, Bcr-Abl kinase, a dysregulated kinase formed from a specific chromosomal defect, is known to contribute to certain leukemias and is the target of the drug imatinib mesylate (Gleevec; Section 14.5).

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p. 697

Benzoate is activated to benzoyl CoA, which reacts with glycine to form hippurate, which is excreted (Figure 23.19).

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p. 111

Space-filling models of 10 base pairs of B-form and A-form DNA depict their right-handed helical structures.

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p. 646

First, the particles are coated with bile acids (Figure 22.4), amphipathic molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and secreted from the gallbladder.

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p. 348

A lipid bilayer is also called a bimolecular sheet.

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p. 13

Many biochemical processes entail the formation and cleavage of covalent bonds.

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p. 265

Zinc is found only in the +2 state in biological systems.

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p. 479

The biotin carboxylase domain (BC) catalyzes the formation of carboxyphosphate and the subsequent attachment of CO2 to the second domain, the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), the site of the covalenty attached biotin.

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p. 967

Sequencing of the human genome led to the discovery of a large family of 7TM bitter receptors

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p. 691

Blood levels of aminotransferases serve a diagnostic function

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p. 174

A commonly used substitution matrix, the Blosum-62 (for Blocks of amino acid substitution matrix), is illustrated in Figure 6.9.

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p. 136

2. Blotting techniques. Southern and northern blots are used to separate and identify DNA and RNA sequences, respectively.

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p. 222

In this equation, k is Boltzmann's constant, and h is Planck's constant.

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p. 691

FIGURE 23.11 Bond cleavage by PLP enzymes. Pyridoxal phosphate enzymes labilize one of three bonds at the xalfax-carbon atom of an amino acid substrate.

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p. 265

Carbonic anhydrase contains a bound zinc ion essential for catalytic activity

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p. 731

The regulation of branched pathways is more complicated because the concentration of two products must be accounted.

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p. 555

However, new studies have established that adults, especially females, have brown adipose tissue in the neck and upper chest regions that is activated by cold (Figure 18.43).

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p. 555

Brown adipose tissue is very rich in mitochondria, often called brown fat mitochondria.

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p. 108

Look, for example, at adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP; Figure 4.6). This nucleotide is tremendously important because, in addition to being a building block for RNA, it is the most commonly used energy currency.

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