Microbe

Biochemistry

Berg, Jeremy M.; Tymoczko, John L.; Gatto, Jr., Gregory J.; Stryer, Lubert

8 ed.

New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2015

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z  

 51 termes

TALEN  n. (transcription activator-like effector nuclease)

p. 161

In transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), the DNA-binding domain is comprised of an array of TALE repeats.
tandem mass spectroscopy  n.

p. 87

The utilization of two mass analyzers arranged in this manner is referred to as tandem mass spectrometry.
TAP protein  n.

p. 996

The resulting peptide fragments are transported from the cytoplasm into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum by the TAP protein (for transporter associated with antigen processing), a member of the ABC transporter family of ATP-driven pumps (Section 13.2).
target compartment  n.

p. 1037

Some compounds are highly concentrated in their target compartments, either by binding to the target molecules themselves or by other mechanisms.
tastant  n.

p. 966

Tastants (the molecules sensed by taste) are quite distinct for the different groups (Figure 33.10).
taste bud  n.

p. 967

Tastants are detected by specialized structures called taste buds, which contain approximately 150 cells, including sensory neurons (Figure 33.11).
T-DNA  n. (transferred DNA)

p. 163

A small part of the Ti plasmid becomes integrated into the genome of infected plant cells; this 20-kb segment is called T-DNA (transferred DNA; Figure 5.39).
template-directed enzyme  n.

p. 117

Thus, DNA polymerase is a template-directed enzyme that synthesizes a product with a base sequence complementary to that of the template.
template-recognition site  n.

p. 123

For the moment, it suffices to note that tRNAs contain an amino acid-attachment site and a template-recognition site.
Tetrahymena  [nom científic]

p. 886

In Tetrahymena (a ciliated protozoan), a 414-nucleotide intron is removed from a 6.4-kb precursor to yield the mature 26S rRNA molecule (Figure 29.42).
tetraubiquitin  n.

p. 684

FIGURE 23.4 Structure of tetraubiquitin. Four ubiquitin molecules are linked by isopeptide bonds.
TF  n. (tissue factor)

p. 304

The extrinsic pathway, which appears to be most crucial in blood clotting, is initiated when trauma exposes tissue factor (TF), an integral membrane glycoprotein.

El sinònim no és neològic.
thermodynamically favorable reaction  n.

p. 426

Thus, a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction can be driven by a thermodynamically favorable reaction to which it is coupled.
thermodynamically unfavorable reaction  n.

p. 426

Thus, a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction can be driven by a thermodynamically favorable reaction to which it is coupled.
thiazolidine ring  n.

p. 239

Penicillin consists of a thiazolidine ring fused to a xbetax-lactam ring to which a variable R group is attached by a peptide bond (Figure 8.26A).
thioesterase  n.

p. 664

The structure of a large part of the mammalian fatty acid synthase has recently been determined, with the acyl carrier protein and thioesterase remaining to be resolved.
thiopurine methyltransferase  n.

p. 1051

These differences between patients are due to rare variations in the gene encoding the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme thiopurine methyltransferase, which adds a methyl group to sulfur atoms.
threshold effect  n.

p. 291

The activity of allosteric enzymes is more sensitive to changes in substrate concentration near KM than are Michaelis-Menten enzymes with the same Vmax. This sensitivity is called a threshold effect.
thromboxane synthase  n.

p. 669

Prostacyclin and thromboxanes are related compounds that arise from a nascent prostaglandin. They are generated by prostacyclin synthase and thromboxane synthase, respectively.
thymidine phosphorylase  n.

p. 748

First, thymine is converted into the nucleoside thymidine by thymidine phosphorylase.
time-of-flight mass analyzer  n. (TOF mass analyzer)

p. 85

For this discussion, we will consider one of the simplest, the time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer, in which ions are accelerated through an elongated chamber under a fixed electrostatic potential.
TLR  n. (Toll-like receptor)

p. 982

The innate immune system also includes a family of receptors that can recognize specific features present in most pathogens and yet not respond to materials normally present in the host. The best-understood of these receptors are the Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The name "toll-like" is derived from a receptor known as Toll encoded in the Drosophila genome.

El sinònim no és neològic.
TMA  n. (trimethylamine)

p. 771

Gut bacteria convert excess choline into trimethylamine (TMA), a gas that smells like rotten fish, and the liver converts the absorved TMA into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO).
TMAO  n. (trimethylamine-N-oxide)

p. 771

Gut bacteria convert excess choline into trimethylamine (TMA), a gas that smells like rotten fish, and the liver converts the absorved TMA into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO).
TMP  n. (thymidine monophosphate)

p. 755

Thymidylate synthase catalyzes this finishing touch: deoxyuridylate (dUMP) is methylated to thymidylate (TMP).
TOF mass analyzer  n. (time-of-flight mass analyzer)

p. 85

For this discussion, we will consider one of the simplest, the time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer, in which ions are accelerated through an elongated chamber under a fixed electrostatic potential.
tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone  n. (TPCK)

p. 237

Tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) is a substrate analog for chymotrypsin (Figure 8.23).

El sinònim no és neològic.
total entropy  n.

p. 11

The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a system plus that of its surroundings always increases.
toxic derivative  n.

p. 538

Toxic derivatives of molecular oxygen such as superoxide radicals are scavenged by protective enzymes
toxoid vaccine  n.

p. 1006

Toxoid vaccines are used against pathogens that employ an extracellular toxin to cause disease. These vaccines contain a form of the toxin that has been inactivated by treatment with chemicals or high heat.
trans configuration  n.

p. 38

In the trans configuration, the two xalfax-carbon atoms are on opposite sides of the peptide bond.
transaldolase reaction  n.

p. 606

Transaldolase reaction. Transaldolase transfers a three-carbon dihydroxyacetone unit from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor.
transcribed region  n.

p. 866-867

The transcribed regions of DNA templates contain stop signals.
transcription activator-like effector nuclease  n. (TALEN)

p. 161

In transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), the DNA-binding domain is comprised of an array of TALE repeats.
transcriptional repressor  n.

p. 946

In many cases, the expression of a gene must be decreased by blocking transcription. The agents in such cases are transcriptional repressors. Like activators, transcriptional repressors act in many cases by altering chromatin structure.
transferred DNA  n. (T-DNA)

p. 163

A small part of the Ti plasmid becomes integrated into the genome of infected plant cells; this 20-kb segment is called T-DNA (transferred DNA; Figure 5.39).
transferrin-receptor mRNA  n.

p. 955

An examination of the nucleotide sequence of transferrin-receptor mRNA reveals the presence of several IRE-like regions.
transgenic mouse  n.

p. 160

These transgenic mice are a powerful means of exploring the role of a specific gene in the development, growth, and behavior of an entire organism.
translesion  n.

p. 846

Nonetheless, these translesion or error-prone polymerases allow the completion of a draft sequence of the genome that can be at least partly repaired by DNA-repair processes.
transmembrane helix  n.

p. 354

Transmembrane helices can be accurately predicted from amino acid sequences
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy  n.

p. 56

A host of diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (prion disease), are associated with improperly folded proteins.
trimethylamine  n. (TMA)

p. 771

Gut bacteria convert excess choline into trimethylamine (TMA), a gas that smells like rotten fish, and the liver converts the absorved TMA into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO).
trimethylamine-N-oxide  n. (TMAO)

p. 771

Gut bacteria convert excess choline into trimethylamine (TMA), a gas that smells like rotten fish, and the liver converts the absorved TMA into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO).
triple helix  n.

p. 45

FIGURE 2.41 Conformation of a single strand of a collagen triple helix.
tRNA-binding site  n.

p. 905

(A) Three tRNA-binding sites are present on the 70S ribosome.
t-SNARE  n.

p. 919

v-SNARE will bind to a particular t-SNARE ("t" for target) in the target membrane.
T-to-R equilibrium  n.

p. 291

The binding of the inhibitor CTP to the T state shifts the T-to-R equilibrium in favor of the T state, decreasing net enzyme activity.
T-to-R transition  n.

p. 290-291

In contrast, the sequential model assumes that the binding of ligand to one site on the complex can affect neighboring sites without causing all subunits to undergo the T-to-R transition (p. 199).
twofold rotational symmetry  n.

p. 272

This arrangement gives the three-dimensional structure of the recognition site a twofold rotational symmetry (Figure 9.35).
tyrosine phosphatase IB  n.

p. 809

Tyrosine phosphatase IB removes phosphoryl groups from the receptor, thus inactivating it.
tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase  n.

p. 901

For example, tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase has no difficulty discriminating between tyrosine and phenylalanine; the hydroxyl group on the tyrosine ring enables tyrosine to bind to the enzyme 104 times as strongly as phenylalanine.